Works Cited

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Images:

“The Brain of the Human Brain, Nervous System, Nerve, Human Organization Png | PNGWing.” PNGWING, www.pngwing.com/en/free-png-dhlqg. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.

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Neurons

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Rehm, Jeremy. “3D Image Reveals Hidden Neurons in Fruit-Fly Brain.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 19 July 2018, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05782-x.
Sheryl Ankrom, MS. “The Chemical Messaging System of the Human Brain.” Verywell Mind, Verywell Mind, 20 Nov. 2019, https://www.verywellmind.com/how-brain-cells-communicate-with-each-other-2584397.
Agosti, Claire. “Vagus Nerve Anatomy - Portfolio.” SayoStudio, 28 Apr. 2021, https://sayostudio.com/portfolio/vagus-nerve-anatomy-2/.
“What Are Neurotransmitters?” Queensland Brain Institute, 9 Nov. 2017, https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-physiology/what-are-neurotransmitters
Learning, Lumen. “Biology for Majors II.” Lumen, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/chemical-and-electrical-synapses/.

Information:

Crash Course. “The Nervous System, Part 3 - Synapses!: Crash Course A&P #10.” YouTube, 10 Mar. 2015, https://youtu.be/VitFvNvRIIY.
Brigham Young University. “Introduction to the Nervous System.” NEURON STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION, https://content.byui.edu/file/a236934c-3c60-4fe9-90aa-d343b3e3a640/1/module6/readings/neuron_structure.html.
“The Neuron.” BrainFacts.org, BrainFacts/SfN, 1 Apr. 2012, https://www.brainfacts.org/brain-anatomy-and-function/anatomy/2012/the-neuron.
Crash Course. “The Nervous System, Part 3 - Synapses!: Crash Course A&P #10.” YouTube, 10 Mar. 2015, https://youtu.be/VitFvNvRIIY.
Betts, J. Gordon, et al., editors. “Regulation, Integration, and Control.” Anatomy and Physiology, by Peter DeSaix, OpenStax, 2013, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction.

Crash Course, crash course. “The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course A&P #8.” YouTube, YouTube, 23 Feb. 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E.
“Action Potential in the Neuron.” YouTube, 26 Mar. 2018, https://youtu.be/oa6rvUJlg7o.

Neuroglia

Images:

“Neuroglia | Boundless Anatomy and Physiology.” Lumen, courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/neuroglia. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.
Scuderi, Caterina, and Alexei Verkhratsky. “Neuroglia - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” ScienceDirect, 2020, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/neuroglia.

“Nerdfighteria Wiki.” The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course A&P #8, nerdfighteria.info/v/qPix_X-9t7E. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.

Information:

Albakkar, Abdulmalek. “Myelination of Axons by Schwann Cells.” GetBodySmart, 23 Apr. 2020, www.getbodysmart.com/neuron-support-cells/schwann-cells.
Ryding, Sara. “Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells: Production and Uses.” News-Medical.Net, 9 July 2019, www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Oligodendrocyte-Progenitor-Cells-Production-and-Uses.aspx.
“Ependymal Cells.” Histology @ Yale, medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/nervous_system_lab/ependymal_cells.php. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.
Jonlieff. “Are Microglia the Most Intelligent Brain Cells.” Jon Lieff, MD, 3 Feb. 2020, jonlieffmd.com/blog/are-microglia-the-most-intelligent-brain-cells.
Sathyajith, Deepthi M. Pharm. “What Are Astrocytes?” News-Medical.Net, 9 Mar. 2020, Drees, Jason. “Jason Drees | Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Jason Drees, jasondrees.com/portfolio_page/microglia-in-alzheimers-disease. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.

What is the Nervous System

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Information:

Betts, J. Gordon, et al., editors. “Regulation, Integration, and Control.” Anatomy and Physiology, by Peter DeSaix, OpenStax, 2013, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction.
Medical Experts, KidsHealth. “Brain and Nervous System (for Parents) - Nemours Kidshealth.” KidsHealth, kidshealth.org/en/parents/brain-nervous-system.html. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.
“Nervous System - Better Health Channel.” Better Health Channel, 31 Aug. 2014, www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/nervous-system#the-peripheral-nervous-system.

Central Nervous System

Images:

“Mayfield Brain & Spine.” MAYFIELD, mayfieldclinic.com/pe-anatbrain.htm. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.
CrashCourse. “Central Nervous System: Crash Course A&P #11.” YouTube, 23 Mar. 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8NtmDrb_qo&feature=youtu.be.
“3D Brain.” Brain Facts, www.brainfacts.org/3D-Brain#focus=Brain-cerebellum. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.
ROGER HARRIS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. “Pons in the Brain, Artwork - Stock Image - C003/6837.” Science Photo Library, 24 Mar. 2021, www.sciencephoto.com/media/101063/view/pons-in-the-brain-artwork.
Wikipedia contributors. “Cranial Nerve Disease.” Wikipedia, 11 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerve_disease.
Williams, Shawna. “Cerebellum Does ‘Quality Control’ for Our Thoughts: Study.” The Scientist Magazine®, 7 Nov. 2018, www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/cerebellum-does-quality-control-for-our-thoughts--study-65031.
---. “Midbrain in the Brain, Artwork - Stock Image - C003/6866.” Science Photo Library, 24 Mar. 2021, www.sciencephoto.com/media/101092/view/midbrain-in-the-brain-artwork.
Shaikh, Dr. Jasmine. “What Is the Role of the Corpus Callosum?” MedicineNet, 12 Feb. 2021, www.medicinenet.com/what_is_the_role_of_the_corpus_callosum/article.htm.
“Cerebral Cortex afbeeldingen, beelden en stockfoto’s - iStock.” iStock, www.istockphoto.com/photos/cerebral-cortex. Accessed 6 Oct. 2021.
CHRISTOPH BURGSTEDT/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. (n.d.). Nerve cells, illustration Stockillustraties. gettyimages. Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://www.gettyimages.nl/fotos/cerebrum
Villines, Z. (2017, June 29). What does the frontal lobe do? MedicalNewsToday. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318139
Occipital Lobe afbeeldingen, beelden en stockfoto’s - iStock. (n.d.). iStock. Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/occipital-lobe
Denslow, E. O. (2021, July 2). Temporal Lobe Damage: Potential Effects and Treatment. Flint Rehab. https://www.flintrehab.com/temporal-lobe-damage/
Diencephalon. (2020, August 13). Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/diencephalon-anatomy-5072810
Learn About the Functions and See a Diagram of Thalamus Gray Matter. (2020, January 6). ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/thalamus-anatomy-373229
Johnson, J. (2018, August 22). What does the hypothalamus do? MedicalNewsToday. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312628
Villines, Z. (2017b, November 1). What is the pineal gland? MedicalNewsToday. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319882
Dutta, S. S., PhD. (2021, August 24). The Limbic System and Long-Term Memory. News-Medical.Net. https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Limbic-System-and-Long-Term-Memory.aspx
S. (2020, October 31). Basal ganglia. NeuRA Library. https://library.neura.edu.au/schizophrenia/physical-features/brain-regions/basal-ganglia/
Hormone. (2019, June 5). Pituitary Gland. Hormone Health Network. https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/glands/pituitary-gland

G. (n.d.). Top 30 Xxxtension Cord GIFs | Find the best GIF on. Gfycat. Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://gfycat.com/discover/xxxtension-cord-gifs

Information:

Hughston. (2021, July 16). Concussion: When The Skull Just Isn’t Protection Enough. Hughston Clinic. https://hughston.com/wellness/concussion-when-the-skull-just-isnt-protection-enough/
Mackenzie, R. J. (2019, August 30). Gray Matter vs White Matter. Neuroscience from Technology Networks. https://www.technologynetworks.com/neuroscience/articles/gray-matter-vs-white-matter-322973
BIL 360 - Lecture 12. (n.d.). Lim Bio. Retrieved October 7, 2021, from http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/360/360F18_12.html

Peripheral Nervous System

Images:

“Afferent Nerve Fiber.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 May 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afferent_nerve_fiber.
“Autonomic Nervous System.” A KYU Design, https://www.akyudesign.com/portfolio_page/autonomic-nervous-system/.
“Fight or Flight Response Is Stressful for Our Bodies.” Moodmetric, 27 Nov. 2020, https://moodmetric.com/fight-flight-response/.
User, Super. “Fight or Flight vs. Rest & Digest: The Difference between the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous System.” Maple Chiropractor Family Wellness Clinic - 9833 Keele Street, Maple, ON 905 832 8337, https://www.maplechiro.ca/clinic/journal/fight-or-flight-vs-rest-digest.html.
Jackson, Christina. “Targeting the Enteric Nervous System to Treat Type 2 Diabetes.” GEN, 7 Oct. 2020, https://www.genengnews.com/news/targeting-the-enteric-nervous-system-to-treat-type-2-diabetes/.
tgest@health.usf.edu, Thomas R. Gest. Module - Introduction to the Nervous System, https://anatomy.elpaso.ttuhsc.edu/modules/NS_overview_module/NS_Overview_10.html.

Information:

“Somatic Nervous System.” Queensland Brain Institute, 15 Oct. 2018, https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/peripheral-nervous-system/somatic-nervous-system.
Sabbagh, Charles, et al. “A New Etiology for the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.” Case Reports in Gastroenterology, Karger Publishers, 17 Sept. 2015, https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/440695.

What is Dementia?

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Underwood, George. “Taking Alzheimer’s Head-On.” PharmaTimes, 1 Apr. 2018, www.pharmatimes.com/magazine/2018/april_2018/taking_alzheimers_head-on.
Mackenzie, Debora. “We May Finally Know What Causes Alzheimer’s – and How to Stop It.” New Scientist, 3 Dec. 2020, www.newscientist.com/article/2191814-we-may-finally-know-what-causes-alzheimers-and-how-to-stop-it.
“Vascular Dementia.” Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia, www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia/vascular-dementia. Accessed 1 Dec. 2021.
Ishii, Kazunari. “Diagnostic Imaging of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.” Japanese Journal of Radiology, 23 Sept. 2019, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11604-019-00881-9/figures/11?error=cookies_not_supported&code=23492741-f887-4a72-81cc-f2058579396e.
Dutta, Sanchari Sinha, PhD. “Mixed Dementia Symptoms and Diagnosis.” News-Medical.Net, 27 Feb. 2019, www.news-medical.net/health/Mixed-Dementia-Symptoms-and-Diagnosis.aspx.
UCSF Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging. “Amyloid PET Scan for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment.” UCSF Radiology, 9 Oct. 2019, radiology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/services/specialty-imaging/alzheimer.

Information:

Alzheimer’s & Related Dementias | National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). Alzheimers.Gov. https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias
Sprint for Discovery: New Dementia and Cardiovascular Findings. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. https://www.alz.org/blog/alz/july_2018/sprint_for_discovery_new_dementia_and_cardiovascu?_ga=2.23116730.1017281933.1636943208-1947136745.1636943208&_gl=1*12g68do*_ga*MTk0NzEzNjc0NS4xNjM2OTQzMjA4*_ga_9JTEWVX24V*MTYzNzAwMDY1Mi4zLjAuMTYzNzAwMDY1Mi4w
How Is Dementia Diagnosed? (2018, March 22). WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/diagnose-dementia
Prevention. (2018, August 23). Stanford Health Care. https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/dementia/prevention.html

Causes and Risk Factors

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Alzheimer’s disease. (n.d.). Roche. https://www.roche.com/research_and_development/what_we_are_working_on/neuroscience/alzheimers.htm
Bailly, D. (n.d.). THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. The Brain from Top to Bottom. https://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_08/d_08_cl/d_08_cl_alz/d_08_cl_alz.html
G. (n.d.). Best Alzheimers Training GIFs. Gfycat. https://gfycat.com/gifs/search/alzheimer%27s+training

Information:

Alzheimer’s disease - Symptoms and causes. (2021, June 26). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447
Yahaya, H. (2021, September 28). Likely cause of Alzheimer’s identified in new study. MedicalNewsToday. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/likely-cause-of-alzheimers-identified-in-new-study#What-the-results-say
Mackenzie, D. (2020, December 3). We may finally know what causes Alzheimer’s – and how to stop it. New Scientist. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2191814-we-may-finally-know-what-causes-alzheimers-and-how-to-stop-it/
Pacific Neuroscience Institute. (2020, April 6). Alzheimer’s Disease Risks in Women | Pacific Brain Health Center. Pacific Brain Health. https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/brain-health/conditions-treatment/alzheimers-disease/alzheimers-disease-in-women/
Mosconi, L. (2020, March 10). How menopause affects the brain. TED Talks. https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_mosconi_how_menopause_affects_the_brain?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare

Images
- Abraham, BSc, Micah. “Anxiety and Memory Loss.” CalmClinic, 10 Oct. 2020, www.calmclinic.com/anxiety/signs/memory-loss

Information
- “Alzheimer’s Disease - Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 26 June 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447.
- “Know the 10 Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease.” Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia, www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/10_signs. Accessed 1 Dec. 2021.

Symptoms

Treatment

Information
- Medications for Memory, Cognition and Dementia-Related Behaviors. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/treatments/medications-for-memory
- NHS website. (2021, November 18). Treatment. Nhs.Uk. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alzheimers-disease/treatment/
- Talk to Your Doctor. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/research_progress/clinical-trials/talk-to-your-doctor

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Resources for Caregivers

Images
- Abraham, BSc, Micah. “Anxiety and Memory Loss.” CalmClinic, 10 Oct. 2020, www.calmclinic.com/anxiety/signs/memory-loss

Information
- “Alzheimer’s Disease - Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 26 June 2021, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447.
- “Know the 10 Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease.” Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia, www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/10_signs. Accessed 1 Dec. 2021.